| by: Mike
Sondalini in collaboration with Don Irvine of Donamar
Filters. Data supplied by Donamar Filters
Editors note: Mike
Sondalini edits the popular subscription based newsletter
called Process & Plant Equipment UPTIME. More
information about the newsletter can be found at FeedForward.com.au
Clean, dry oil can extend
equipment life between failure up to 8 - 10 times the
normal operating life. Timken, the bearing manufacturer,
reports that reducing water levels from 100 ppm (parts per
million) to 25 ppm increases bearing life 2 times. British
hydraulics research indicate that if solids contamination
with particles larger than 5 micron (0.005 mm or
0.0002”) is reduced from the range of 5,000 – 10,000
particles per milliliter of oil to 160 – 320 particles,
the machine life is increased 5 times.
It is clear that there is
great benefit to be gained in having clean oil and that it
may be well worth spending a lot of money to achieve it.
This would be the case where expensive equipment was used
and the cost of maintenance was high or where the
equipment was costly but not highly profitable to operate.
Increasing the equipment life and the period between
maintenance up to ten times normal would be highly
profitable in both cases. On the other hand if the cost of
replacement equipment is cheap it is unlikely to be
justifiable to spend money on oil filtration.
| GRADING
OIL CLEANLINESS
Solid particle
counts in oil can be done with optical equipment
(microscope, light extinction), with an
electron-scanning microscope (ESM) or by sifting
through screens. Each procedure produces
slightly different particle counts due to their
varying sensitivity in detecting particles of
different sizes. The ESM detects many more of
the smaller particles than the optical methods.
Counting standard
ISO 4406 -1999 is used internationally to rate
solids contamination of oils. This standard
classifies the cleanliness of oil and provides a
basis to define acceptable solids contamination.
It also means oil filters can be tested to prove
their performance meets acceptable standards.
Table No. 1 is part of the ISO 4406 method of
coding the level of solid particles in an oil
sample. The solid particle content of oil gets a
classification that represents the number of
particles of a particular size range.
|
| ISO
Scale Number |
Particles
per milliliter |
| More
Than |
Less
Than |
| 22 |
20000 |
40000 |
| 21 |
10000 |
20000 |
| 20 |
5000 |
10000 |
| 19 |
2500 |
5000 |
| 18 |
1300 |
2500 |
| 17 |
640 |
1300 |
| 16 |
320 |
640 |
| 15 |
160 |
320 |
| 14 |
80 |
160 |
| 13 |
40 |
80 |
| 12 |
20 |
40 |
| 11 |
10 |
20 |
| 10 |
5 |
10 |
| 9 |
2.5 |
5 |
| 8 |
1.25 |
2.5 |
| Table
No. 1 Allocation of Particle Count
Scale Numbers |
|
|